Driving-locking mechanism



Oct. 29, 1935, G, E sw z 2,019,327

I DRIVING LOCKING MECHANISM Filed March 23,- 1931 Patented Oct. 29, 1935UNI TE D S S PATENT- QF F IQE 2,019,327 DRIVING-LOCKING MECHANISM Guy E.Swartz, DetroitQMich.

Application :March 23; 1931, Serial 'No.52i,638f* 17 Claims: (01.192-8)Topnovide lockingmembers which engage both endszofilockingshoesr 111% Tozrprovidezimeansfor. eliminating gexcessive wedging forzeasyrelease ofthe lock;

To :provide. means for compensative action of locking :shoes: andlocking members;

To? provide locking-members each of which enzofiigagemmorer than :one'looking shoe.

Other-objectswilllappear in this specificationoirzwillcbecome".obvious-or apparent or willsuggestzthemselvesauponaninspection of this specificaizlcmand theaccompanying drawing.v 251: In locking mechanismszof priordevices-of'the naimrwshown and described in this application,flockingimeans are used; which depend upon wedge ing:'to.-efiect:locking;

Duringizthe use: of such devices, or when work SO 'muSkbescIampedverytight, this wedging is increased-to-such an extent that it becomesdifficult to =re1easecthe :lockwhen work is to be'released fromtheadevice. because .the faces which operate the. locking-members are:tangent to an arc of afi largemadiusrand the locking members are placedsubstantiallyflonra radical axis of the device,

When the rotatable-memberstarts to rotate, the

wedge :=members;-.particularly round rollers, first move laterally alongthese faces and, dueto their clc'se;inclinationtoithe circular face ofthe bore imthemasing'doso move a considerable distancebutaefiectronlyta:slightradial or locking move-.-

ment .of-rthelocking members. and do produce a heavy swedging.1of.:the.locking. member between the face ofvthe bore'; and the face-on-the rotatable? member. lniathiseinventionpthe locking members :are

' plaoedror locatedra considerable distance at one.

sidezofca radialaxisof the'device and those faces onsthesrotatable:member which contact the-lockingimember's'are-tangent to an arc ofshortrradius sosthatathexsame actzontherlocking member more suarelyzgand more" directly-toward the locking shoes :and: towardthesface of; therbore in the 55 casingm Withthis structure I attain alocking move ment of the shoes with a minimum lateral-movement .of thelocking members on the faceswhich contact them and therefore a minimumof rotative movement of themember-having these-faces 5 and-consequentlya minimum of rotative movement of :the.rotatable-memberis required toeffect lockingsand thatfeature is very desirable since aslight-rotationof a rotatable member would produce a large locking-action.

Due to thisstructure'there. is .suificient wedgingto retain the lock'butthelockis easily released because the Wedging canneverjbe.excessive;

I attain my objects;bythemechanism shown, inastheaccompanyingztdrawingfor illustrative but 16" notwfor. limitative purposes: in whichdrawing:-

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a-tool guiding jigxhavingua"driving-locking mechanism of my invention embodied therein.

Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken on the line;;- 3-2 in Fig.5..

Fi'g'.t.3 is. a Iragmental section similar to Fig.2 showing-a differentdisposition of the :face which? contacts the locking member.

Fig-.A is a longitudinal section taken 'on'the .251 lined-+4: in. Fig.2.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section taken on the. line 5-.=-5 in Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view'of the driving mem-- her on a smallerscale;-

Fig.1? is a perspective view of the locking shoes.

Similar reference characters refer :to similar parts throughout theviews;

The jig itself vcomprisesthe -m0vable :clamp plateA having the tool.guiding'bushing In there-: 85 in and the two guide posts It dependingtherefrom and :being guided in: the baseB.

The shaft C is journaled in the base and has, the teeth I2 in mesh withcorresponding teeth on the posts-ll so that a rotation of the shaft 10mmoves the posts longitudinally and thereby moves the plate A-toward andaway from the base for clamping and unclamping of work.-

The casing :D is fixed on the base andis unrotatable and has-theicircular bore l3 concentric w: with the axis of the shaft C-Which hasthe end l4 extending into the casing.

The-member or-disk E is keyed onto the shait end It so that the samerotates withthe shaft and: the shaft rotates with the disk according to1 which one of these partsis rotated.

Thedriving slots 15, three-in the -pr,esent'instance, equally spaced andall of thesame size} are providedin the outer surface of the-disk- E andextend alltheway across the same-although 557? .xrow and the surpluslubricant needs to travel they could extend inwardly from one end onlysufliciently deep for the driving prongs described below. The spaces notoccupied by the driving prongs being used for lubrication storagepurposes.

The grooves IE also extend all the way across the disk and are alsoequally spaced and of the same size.

The outer circumferential surface of the disk is concentric with theaxis of the shaft.

The locking shoes F, three in number in this instance, each has thecircular surface I! of a curvature suitable to the curvature of the borein the casing. The locking shoes are of sufiicient length tosubstantially extend all the way around on the surface of the bore;there being only a narrow space l8 between the ends thereof.

Each of the shoes has the bevel surfaces IS on each end thereof and alsohas the driving slot 28 in the inner surface thereof and extendingtransversely of the shoe to accommodate the driving prongs describedbelow.

The grooves 2i prevent the formation of such a film and thereby reduceif not entirely overcome these disadvantages in that there usually issome endwise movement of the shoes which tends to scrape excessivelubricant from the bore in the casing and deposit the same in thegrooves and furthermore, if the walls of the grooves did Eliot so scrapeoff this surplus lubricant, the radial movement of the shoes willsqueeze it out from between the contacting surfaces and into the groovessince the individual contacting surfaces on the shoes are eachcomparatively naronly a very short distance to reach the groove fordisposition thereof.

Furthermore, applicant has found that the provision of the groovesprovides a much better grip- .ping effect between shoes and a surfacecontacted by the same independent of lubricant.

The invention provides for profuse lubrication without detrimentaleffects to the gripping of the shoes so that bushings and the like canbe eliminated and the shoes can operate directly on the material of thecasing, usually a cast material.

I prefer to use the shoes directly against the casing material, to borethe casing fairly smooth, without grinding, and let the shoes and thebore Wear to a seat and thereby get better gripping results than withground contacting surfaces and reduce cost of production.

The shoes are journaled loosely in the bore l3 and may be journaledloosely on the outer surface 22 of the disk E or may be spaced therefromso that there is no wedging of the shoes between inclined surfaces.

The three locking members G, duplicate round rollers in this instanceand equally spaced, each longitudinally abuts the faces IQ of twoadjacent shoes and also abuts the face 23 of the groove l6.

Each of the faces 23 is tangent to the roller contacting thereon and isnot at right angles to a radial axis drawn from the axis of the shaftthrough the axis of the roller but is inclined in such a manner that arotative movement of the disk acts as squarely as possible on the rollerto move the same toward the shoes to move the shoes toward the face ofthe bore. But this inclination should not be carried to a point where itwill be so steep that the below described spring will not hold therollers in looking position upon a reverse rotative pressure on thedisk.

The disposition of the face 23 shown in Fig. 2

has been found very satisfactory to create the necessary lockingmovement of the shoes as well as effectively retaining the rollers inlooking position and to be easily released by movement of the operatinghandle.

The inclination of the face 23 shown in Fig. 3 is greater than that inFig. 2. This change moves the rollers more squarely toward the shoes butdiminishes the retaining of the rollers and the lock is more easilyreleased than in Fig. 2. This inclination of the face 23 is preferablewhen heavy locking and easy release is desired and there is lesspressure to rotate the disk reversely than the inclination of the face23 shown in Fig. 2.

With the structure described, the rollers can be advanced further in thedirection of the arrow than in the prior devices and thereby attain thelong sought effect of effective locking with a minimum of wedgingagainst release of the lock. I)

The springs 24 are mounted in the disk and extend into the grooves andagainst the corresponding one of the rollers and normally hold therollers against the faces l9 and also against the faces 23 since theshoes can move circularly in the bore and can adapt themselvesautomatically to the rollers on the faces 23. This structure providesfor compensation all around and effective locking of the mechanism.

The driving or operating member H, operated by the handle I, has threeequally spaced driving prongs 25 extending into the driving slots I5, isjournaled on the shaft 0 and also in the bore 53 and also in the head Jwhich closes the casing and is secured thereto by means of the screws26.

Normally, the springs 24 retain the rollers against the faces 23 and l9,l9, the shoes are individually movable to adjust themselvescompensatingly to the rollers and the rollers can roll on the faces 23to compensatingly adjust themselves 40%;

to the faces l9, l9 and 23 so that the entire locking mechanism iscompensating and normally locks the disk against rotation in eitherdirection in any rotative position thereof to which the handle has movedthe same.

Upon movement of the handle in the direction indicated by the arrowthereon and on thedisk, the handle first rotates on the shaft taking uplost motion until the faces 2'! on the prongs 25 contact the walls 28 ofthe slots [5 whereupon .a continuation of that handle movement rotatesthe disk which, in turn, moves the springs circularly and thereby movesthe rollers and the shoes circularly in the same direction and alsorotates the shaft and thereby moves the clamping member toward aclamping position thereof.

During this circular movement of the shoes, the springs tend to hold theshoes against the bore and thereby create friction between the shoes andthe bore which friction tends to hold 50;"?

the shoes back and against the circularly moving rollers and the actionof the springs and thereby retarding the rollers sufficiently to releasethe locking friction between the shoes and the bore for easy circularmovement of the shoes. 65

When this movement has continued until'the clamping plate contacts anarticle for'clamping, there is a resistance against further movement ofthe clamping plate and consequently to further rotation of the shaft andthe disk thereon. 70

A continuation of the same operation by the handle, with clampingpressure applied to the handle, creates a clamping pressure between theclamping plate and the article and puts the entire mechanism under sometension with. the 75 springs always forcing the rollers and the shoesinto locking positions compensatingly so that each takes its own shareof the locking and all of the shoes are in locking position and themechanism is effectively locked against reverse rotation at the instantwhen the handle stops operating.

The tension in the mechanism normally retains the locking during anoperation on the article.

When additional pressure is brought upon the clamping plate in anarticle unclamping direction, a rotative pressure is brought upon theshaft and the disk tending to rotate the same reversely of the arrow.

Such tendency to rotate tends to move the faces 23 and the rollersthereon toward the shoes and thereby strengthening the locking of theshoes in the bore and an actual reverse rotative movement of the shaftand the disk increases the locking.

Upon a movement of the handle, reversely of the arrow, the faces 29'onthe prongs contact the walls 30 of the slots 20, then moves the shoescircularly and thereby moves the rollers out of their wedged or lookingposition and then contacts the faces 29- on the faces 3| of the slots lfor reverse or unclamping movement of the clamping plate.

When the handle is standing still in any position thereof, the springs24 at once effect an automatic locking of the mechanism which isautomatically released upon a movement of the handle in eitherdirection.

Each of the shoes can move rotatively individually of the other shoes sothat each can move compensatingly in relation to the others. Each rollerengages two of the shoes at the ends there- 'of through bevel faces sothat all of the shoes are moved radially in an expanding manner and allof the shoes are contacted on the casing equally or with the same forceand the entire contacting'surface ll engages the wall of the casing'since'the support of the shoes is located at each end thereof and thereis no possibility of the shoes tilting or otherwise preventing fullcontact of the surface I! on the wall of the casing.

The device shown and described attains the objects sought to beattained.

I am aware that structural and functional changes can be made in theparts and in the arrangements thereof shown and described within thescope of my invention and the appended claims; therefore, withoutlimiting myself to the precise structure and function and arrangement ofparts as shown and described,

I claim:

1. A locking mechanism including a locking shoe normally locking adevice against operation, a positionally shiftable locking memberpositionally shiftable against said shoe, and means to move said lockingmember toward said shoe for tighter locking thereof upon a tendency ofthe device to operate reversely. I

2. A locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, a number oflocking shoes extending substantially all the way around on the face ofsaid bore and locking members in direct contact on both adjacent ends ofadjacent ones of said shoes and mounted resiliently to normally tend toindividually move radially outwardly to compensatingly move said shoestoward said face.

3. A locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, locking shoesextending substantially all the way around on the face of said bore,looking members each engaging adjacent ends of adjacent ones of saidshoes, anda'spring for each of said locking members normally tending tomove the same toward said shoes'to-move'said shoes toward said face.

4. A locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, locking shoescircularly adjacent on the face of said'bore, locking memberscontinually pressed radially outwardly .and eachengaging adjacent endsof adjacent ones'of'said shoes, and a rotatable member havingcircumfertially inclined faces eachadapted to move one of said lockingmembers radiallyoutwardly with a minimum of bodily movement thereofalong the face of said bore.

5. A locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, locking shoescircularly-adjacent on the face of said bore, locking memberscontinually pressed radially outwardly and each engaging adjacent endsof adjacentones of said-shoes, and a rotatable member having circularlyinclined faces each adapted to move one-of said'locking members radiallyoutwardly with a minimum of rotative movement of said rotatable member.

6. A locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, .a pair oflocking shoes alongthe' face of said bore, a round roller longitudinallyagainst the adjacent ends of said shoes and resiliently mounted tonormally move said shoes toward'said faceqand a rotatable member havinga surface engaging said roller to further move the same toward saidshoes and thereby move said shoes further toward said face upon arotative movement of the rotatable member.

'7. A locking mechanism including "a casing having a bore, a number oflocking shoes "along the face of said bore, a'number of round rollerseach engaging the adjacent ends oftwo of said shoes, and a rotatablemember having faces engaging said rollers tomove the sametoward' saidshoes to move said shoes toward said face upon a rotative movement ofthe-rotatable member.

8. A driving-locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, lockingshoes extending substantially all the way aroundon said bore, lockingmembers against said shoes, a rotatable member having faces abuttingsaid locking members, springs normally tending toretain said shoes andlocking members in locking posiiton, and a driving member engaging saidrotatable member for rotation thereof in opposite directions and havingmeans to release the lock during the first part of a rotating movementof said driving member.

9. A locking mechanism including a pair of individually movable lockingshoes normally locking a device against self operation, a locking memberin contact with adjacent ends of each of said pair of shoes, a rotatablelocking disk having a face in contact with said locking member andformed to move said locking member against said ends upon .a reverserotative pressure brought upon said disk. 7

10. A locking mechanism including a pair of individually movable lockingshoes normally locking a device against self operation, a locking memberin contact with each one of said shoes, and a rotatable member having aface in contact with said locking member and being formed to move saidlocking member toward said shoes for tighter locking thereof than saidnormal locking upon a reverse rotative pressure brought upon saidrotatable member.

11. A driving-locking mechanismincluding a casing having a bore, adriving shaft for a mechanism to be driven extending into said bore, adisk on and rotatable with said shaft and within said bore and having aslot across the face thereof, .a pair of locking members against thewall of said bore, a roller engagingthe bottom of said slot and one endof each of said locking shoes, a spring normally tending to retain saidroller against said ends and said bottom for locking the mechanism, anda driving member engaging said disk to release the lock and rotate saiddisk for a forward driving movement of said shaft and'engaging saidlocking members to release the lock and rotate said disk for a reversedriving movement of said shaft.

12. A driving-locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, adriving shaft for a device extending through said casing, a disk on androtatable with said shaft and located in said bore, a driving memberdirectly engaging said disk to rotate the same in opposite directions,paired locking shoes extending substantially all the way around on saidbore, locking members engaging adjacent ends of said shoes, faces onsaid disk engaging said locking members for movement thereof toward saidshoes upon a rotative movement of said disk in one direction, springsnormally tending to retain said locking members against said faces andagainst said shoes and to retain said shoes in engagement with saidbore, and means between said driving member and said shoes to releasethe locking of said shoes upon a movement of said driving member in thesame direction.

13. A clamping device including a movable clamping member, a rotatableshaft adapted to move said clamping member, and a locking mechanism forsaid shaft including an unrotatable casing having a bore, locking shoesextending substantially all the way around on said bore and normally inlocking contact thereon, and means on said shaft to move said shoes forincreased locking thereof when pressure on said clamping memberincreases.

14. A clamping device including a movable clamping member, a rotatableshaft in operative connection with said clamping member to move the sameupon a rotative movement of the shaft, and a locking mechanism for saidshaft including an unrotatable casing having a bore, locking shoesextending substantially all the way around on said bore and normally inlooking contact thereon, locking members each engaging adjacent ends ofsaid shoes, and a partof said shaft, and means on saidpart of said shaftto move said locking members against said shoes for increased lockingthereof when pressure on said clamping member increases.

15. A clamping device including a movable clamping member and anoperating means for the same and a locking mechanism for said operating,means including circularly spaced shoes normally locking said operatingmeans against rotation by said clamping member and means on saidoperating means contacting adjacent ends of said shoes and continuallypressed radially outwardly to increase the locking of saidshoes with aminimum of movement of said clamping member when pressure thereonincreases.

16. A locking mechanism including a casing having a bore, circularlyspaced locking shoes adjacent to the face of said bore, a locking memberengaging the adjacent ends of said shoes and resiliently mounted tonormally hold said shoes against said face, and an operating memberhaving an inclined face to engage and move said locking member to movesaid shoes into locking contact on said face of the bore upon a movementof the operating member.

17. A driving-locking mechanism comprising, a

casing, a rotatable driven shaft extending into said casing, a disk onand rotatable with said shaft and having a plurality of external slotstherein, circularly spaced locking shoes in said casing, each bearingagainst the inside of the wall of the casing, each having an internalslot therein and each having both ends thereof beveled, a driving memberhaving prongs thereon, each loosely engaging the sides of said externaland internal slots according to direction of rotation of said drivingmember, a locking roller between adjacent ones of said shoes to bearagainst the beveled ends thereof, and a spring for each of said rollersnormally holding the same against said beveledends.

. GUY E. SWARTZ.

